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B15 (p. 22): Bluepages Sources and Authorities: Books and other nonperiodical materials |
Rule 17 (p. 172): Citation rule for unpublished sources. |
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B16 (p. 23): Bluepages Sources and Authorities: Journal, magazine and newspaper articles |
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Rule 15 (p. 149): Citation rule for books, reports, and nonperiodical materials. |
T6 (p. 496): Table of abbreviations for case names and institutional authors in citations. |
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Rule 16 (p. 159): Citation rule for periodical materials. |
T13 (p. 510): Table of abbreviations for journal titles. |
Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other non-primary sources. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below.
Books
Rule 15 in the Bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. The basic format will include:
[Example: John Doe, My Book 93 (2nd ed, 2012).]
Author NOTE:
-Give the name of the author just as it appears, not surname first, as is common in other citation formats.
-If there are two authors, inlcude both names, joined by an ampersand.
-If there are multiple authors, put the first listed author followed by "et al."
-If no author is given and only an editor is provided, leave the author portion of the citation blank and include the editor in the publication information section of the citation.
Publication NOTE:
-If the book has multiple editions, be sure to include the edition number you are using.
Remember to pay attention to comma placement!
Collections
Citing a collection (of articles, essays, etc.) is also covered by Rule 15 of the Bluebook. The basic citation format will include:
NOTE:
-Rule 15.8 gives instructions for citing some specific works, including The Bible, The Federalist, William Shakespeare's plays, etc.
Periodicals
Refer to Rule 16 when citing a journal or law review. The basic elements of a periodical citation include:
NOTE:
-Some periodicals will not have a volume number. These are known non-consecutive paginated periodicals. For these, omit the volume number part of the citation and inlcude the full publication date in the parenthetical. Newspapers should be cited as non-consecutive paginated periodicals, giving the month, day, and year of the newspaper source.
Legal Encyclopedias
The basic elements when citing an encyclopedia are:
Legal Dictionaries
The basic elements when citing a legal dictionary include:
Nonprint Sources
The Bluebook rules for nonprint sources are outline in Rule 17. These include things like interviews, letters, emails, or unpublished works. The Bluebook contains sections that detail how to properly reference these varied sources.
This table can be used for quick reference when determining how to cite a secondary source.
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Source |
BB Rule(s) |
Citation Elements |
Example |
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Book |
B15 Rule 15 |
Full author(s) name(s) Title Page Publication information Year |
John Doe, My Book 93 (2nd ed, 2012). |
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Periodical |
B16 Rule 16 T13 |
Full author(s) name(s) Title Volume Periodical title (abbr.) First page Pinpoint page Year |
John Doe, Journal Article, 12 My L. Rev. 234, 244 (2012). |
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Newspaper |
B16.1.4 Rule 16.6 |
Full author(s) name(s) Title Newspaper title (abbr.) Full date Page |
John Doe, I Wrote In a Newspaper!, N.Y. Times, Oct. 1, 2012, at B9. |
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American Law Reports (ALR) |
Rule 16.7.6 |
Full author(s) name(s) Annotation Title Volume A.L.R. Series First page Pinpoint page Year
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John Doe, Annotation,Talking about Law, 15 A.L.R.4th 109, 115 (2000). |
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American Jurisprudence 2d |
B15.1 Rule 15.8 |
Volume Am. Jur. 2d Section title § section number Year |
9 Am. Jur. 2d Bankruptcy § 49 (2006). |
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Corpus Juris Secundum |
B15.1 Rule 15.8 |
Volume C.J.S. Section title § section number Year |
88 C.J.S. Trial § 153 (2001). |
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Black’s Law Dictionary |
B15.1 Rule 15.8 |
Black’s Law Dictionary Publication information Year |
Black’s Law Dictionary (9th ed. 2009).
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